Cusco, a city renowned for its rich Incan history and as the gateway to Machu Picchu nowadays the New Seven Wonder in the World, is located in the Peruvian Andes, surrounded by huge snow peaks in the south of Peru. One of the key geographical features that visitors must be prepared for when traveling to Cusco is its altitude. In the following post, we will know what the altitude of Cusco City is.
Altitude of Cusco: A Gateway to the Andes
Situated at approximately 3,400 meters (11,150 feet) above sea level, Cusco is considered between the the highest cities in South America. This elevation is significantly higher than many major cities in the world, which can pose challenges for travelers who are not accustomed to such heights.
Why is Cusco So High?
Cusco’s high altitude is a result of its location in the Andes mountain range, which stretches along the western edge of South America. The city was once the capital of the Inca Empire and was built on a high plateau surrounded by rugged mountains. This strategic location provided both defense and a way to control the surrounding fertile valley. The elevation also offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and valleys, making Cusco not only an important historical site but also a picturesque destination.
Effects of Cusco’s Altitude
At 3,400 meters, the air in Cusco contains less oxygen than at sea level, which can lead to altitude sickness for those who are not acclimatized. Symptoms of altitude sickness include headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, and nausea. It’s important for travelers to take precautions to avoid discomfort:
Acclimatization: Arriving in Cusco a few days before engaging in strenuous activities allows your body to adjust to the reduced oxygen levels.
Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is key, as altitude can lead to dehydration.
Avoiding alcohol and heavy meals: These can exacerbate symptoms of altitude sickness.
Slow and steady activity: Taking it easy on your first day or two in Cusco allows your body time to adjust.
Why Visit Cusco Despite the Altitude?
Despite the challenges posed by its high elevation, Cusco is a popular destination for travelers due to its unique blend of culture, history, and natural beauty. From the awe-inspiring Sacsayhuamán ruins to the colorful Plaza de Armas, Cusco offers a wealth of historical and cultural experiences. Visitors can explore the stunning architecture, enjoy traditional Peruvian cuisine, and use the city as a starting point for excursions to nearby attractions like Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley, and the Inca Trail.
Tips for Visiting Cusco at High Altitude
1 Arrive Slowly: If possible, spend a few days at a lower altitude, such as in the Sacred Valley (around 2,800 meters), before heading to Cusco to give your body a better chance to acclimatize.
2 Take it Easy: Don’t overexert yourself, especially on your first day. Walk slowly and take frequent breaks.
3 Drink Coca Tea: Coca leaves, a traditional remedy for altitude sickness, are often served in tea. Many travelers find it helpful to drink this as a preventative measure.
4 Consult a Doctor: If you have any concerns about altitude sickness or have a history of respiratory or heart problems, it’s wise to consult a healthcare professional before traveling to high-altitude areas like Cusco.
Frequently Asked Questions about Cusco altitude FAQs
Cusco’s high altitude can be a common concern for many travelers, especially those who are not accustomed to being at such elevations. Below are some of the most frequently asked questions about Cusco’s altitude, along with helpful answers to ensure you have a smooth and enjoyable trip.
How can I prevent altitude sickness in Cusco?
As we mentioned above, the best way to prevent the altitude sickness in Cusco is preparing very well before heading to Cusco, exercising a few times per week before traveling to Cusco will help you a lot to get any complications. There are several ways to reduce the risk of altitude sickness:
Acclimatize: Spend a few days at a lower altitude, such as the Sacred Valley (around 2,800 meters), before heading to Cusco.
Take it easy: Avoid strenuous activities during your first 24–48 hours in Cusco.
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration, which can worsen altitude symptoms.
Eat light meals: Avoid heavy meals and alcohol, as they can exacerbate symptoms.
Coca leaves: Traditional coca tea, made from coca leaves, is believed to help alleviate symptoms of altitude sickness.
Can I fly directly to Cusco from sea level?
Yes, many international travelers arrive in Lima, the capital of Peru, and then fly directly to Cusco, which is a common route. However, if you are coming from sea level, it’s recommended to spend a day or two at a lower altitude before heading to Cusco, especially if you have never been to high altitudes before.
How long does it take to adjust to Cusco’s altitude?
Most people begin to adjust to Cusco’s altitude within 24–48 hours. However, full acclimatization can take a few days, depending on the individual and their prior experience with high altitudes. If you plan to engage in physical activities like hiking, it’s best to give yourself at least two to three days to acclimatize before doing so.
What should I do if I feel sick due to the altitude?
If you start feeling symptoms of altitude sickness, the best course of action is:
First step to beat the Altitude Sickness
Rest: Take it easy and avoid physical exertion.
While Cusco and its surrounding areas are full of amazing hiking and trekking opportunities, it’s best to wait a couple of days before engaging in strenuous activities.
Slow walking: If you must explore the city, do so at a slower pace, taking frequent breaks to rest and catch your breath. Listen to your body: If you start feeling tired, dizzy, or short of breath, take a break immediately. Pushing yourself too hard can make symptoms worse.
Start with gentle walks: Explore Cusco’s main attractions at a slow pace, like the Plaza de Armas, Sacsayhuamán, and Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun), but avoid steep hikes or challenging treks in the first 48 hours. Consider shorter hikes: If you’re planning on doing the Classic Inca Trail to Machu Picchu or trekking in the area, it’s advisable to allow at least a couple of days in Cusco or the Sacred Valley to acclimatize before starting.
Hydrate: Drink water or tea to stay hydrated, some electrolytes will help you to recover faster.
Dehydration can exacerbate the symptoms of altitude sickness, so it’s essential to drink plenty of fluids when you’re in Cusco. The dry mountain air can cause you to lose fluids more quickly than you might realize, even if you don’t feel thirsty.
Drink water regularly: Aim to drink at least 2-3 liters of water per day to stay hydrated. Avoid alcohol and caffeine: Both alcohol and caffeine can dehydrate your body, making altitude sickness worse, so it’s a good idea to limit their consumption while you’re acclimatizing.
Second step to beat the Altitude Sickness
Eat complex carbs: Foods like potatoes, rice, and quinoa (a local staple) are easy on the stomach and provide the energy you’ll need without overburdening your digestive system. Avoid heavy or greasy foods: These can increase the feeling of nausea or bloating at high altitude.
Descend: If symptoms persist or worsen, it’s crucial to descend to a lower altitude. Descending to a location with lower elevation (like the Sacred Valley or Machu Picchu) can provide relief.
Use Oxygen if Necessary:
In Cusco, many hotels and tour operators offer supplemental oxygen for guests who are feeling the effects of altitude sickness. Using oxygen can help boost your oxygen levels temporarily and relieve symptoms of dizziness, headaches, or fatigue. Some higher-end hotels provide oxygen in rooms, so ask in advance if this is available.
Act facter Altitude Sickness
Seek medical help: In severe cases, seek professional medical treatment. Some pharmacies in Cusco sell over-the-counter medications like Diamox (acetazolamide), which can help alleviate symptoms.
Can children or elderly people visit Cusco?
Children and the elderly can visit Cusco, but they may be more vulnerable to altitude sickness due to their differing tolerance levels. It is important to keep the following in mind:
Children: Young children may experience symptoms more quickly than adults, so it’s important to monitor them closely. Ensure they are well-hydrated and avoid overexertion.
We highly recommend to train them a few weeks before flying to Peru, some outdoor activities per week will help them to have better performance when their are in Cusco.
Elderly travelers: Older adults, particularly those with underlying health conditions, should take extra precautions. It’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider before traveling to high altitudes.
Does the altitude affect physical activities, like hiking or exploring Machu Picchu?
Yes, the altitude can make physical activities feel more challenging. For example, you may tire more quickly or feel short of breath during physical exertion. This is especially noticeable in activities like hiking the Inca Trail or climbing the stairs at Machu Picchu.It’s important to take frequent breaks, drink water, and listen to your body. Many travelers find it helpful to spend a day or two acclimatizing in Cusco or the Sacred Valley before embarking on more physically demanding excursions.
Should I take medication for altitude sickness before my trip?
Some travelers choose to take Diamox (acetazolamide) as a preventative measure to help with acclimatization, but this should only be done under the advice of a healthcare professional. It’s important not to rely solely on medication and to still allow your body time to adjust to the altitude.
Is Cusco higher than Machu Picchu?
Cusco (just over 3,390 meters / 11,000 feet) is higher than Machu Picchu (almost 2,430 meters/ 8,000 feet), so after landing, it’s advised to descend into the Sacred Valley (around 9,000 feet) to adjust at a less intimidating elevation, or go straight to Machu Picchu which even better to avoid the altitude. Then you can climb slowly to reach Cusco.
Should I go to Cusco or Machu Picchu first?
Some people choose to visit the Sacred Valley of the Incas , then Machu Picchu and finally Cusco, this is recommended for people who want to have a stage of acclimatization in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, which is around 2,600 meters above sea level.
